Journal
NATURE PROTOCOLS
Volume 15, Issue 12, Pages 4000-4033Publisher
NATURE RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0402-9
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Funding
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence at the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania
- National Institutes of Health [R37NS047344, R35NS116843, R35NS097370, U19AI131130]
- Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation
- Pennsylvania Department of Health
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Glioblastoma tumors exhibit extensive inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity, which has contributed to the poor outcomes of numerous clinical trials and continues to complicate the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Most in vitro models do not preserve the cellular and mutational diversity of parent tumors and often require a lengthy generation time with variable efficiency. Here, we describe detailed procedures for generating glioblastoma organoids (GBOs) from surgically resected patient tumor tissue using a chemically defined medium without cell dissociation. By preserving cell-cell interactions and minimizing clonal selection, GBOs maintain the cellular heterogeneity of parent tumors. We include details of how to passage and cryopreserve GBOs for continued use, biobanking and long-term recovery. In addition, we describe procedures for investigating patient-specific responses to immunotherapies by co-culturing GBOs with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. It takes similar to 2-4 weeks to generate GBOs and 5-7 d to perform CAR T cell co-culture using this protocol. Competence with human cell culture, tissue processing, immunohistology and microscopy is required for optimal results.
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