Journal
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 104, Issue 24, Pages 10465-10479Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10989-y
Keywords
Ionic liquid; Melittin; Antibacterial activity; MTT assay; Haemocompatibility
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Funding
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia [RSP-2020/35]
- Science and Engineering Research Board [EEQ/2016/000339]
- ICMR, New Delhi, India [45/19/2019-BIO/BMS]
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In pharmaceutical industry, the prodrug approaches and drug-drug conjugates are being now vastly used to optimize the efficacy of the drugs for multipurpose. The combination or conjugation of antimicrobials agents with natural antimicrobials may lead to better synergistic antimicrobial activity. Currently, many publications show the potential of ionic liquids (ILs) as novel antimicrobials and even as active pharmaceutical ingredients. The current study showed the synthesis of novel pyrrolidinium-based ILs (C-x, x = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12) and their antibacterial activity alone and in combination with antimicrobial peptide, melittin (MEL), against clinically relevant microorganism, E. coli and S. aureus. The cytotoxicity of synthesized ILs was administered on HEK 293 cell line using MTT assay. The obtained results showed the dependency of antibacterial activity of ILs on alkyl chain length (C4 < C6 < C8 < C10 < C12). The remarkable improvement in the antibacterial efficiency of MEL was seen with ILs; however, antibacterial effect is more pronounced with IL having large alkyl chain length (C-8, C-10, and C-12) at their minimal concentration with MEL to disrupt the cell membrane. In addition, the binding study and haemocompatibility results showed favourable biocompatibility and stability which could potentially improve its utility for the biomedical field.
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