Journal
RSC ADVANCES
Volume 10, Issue 66, Pages 40529-40542Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07446b
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- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia [4C146, 04G53]
- Prince Sultan University
- structures and materials lab at Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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The excellent biocompatible and osteogenesis characteristics of porous scaffolds play a vital role in bone regeneration. In this study, we have synthesized polymeric hybrid nanocomposites via free-radical polymerization from carrageenan/acrylic-acid/graphene/hydroxyapatite. Porous hybrid nanocomposite scaffolds were fabricated through a freeze-drying method to mimic the structural and chemical composition of natural bone. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water contact-angle studies were carried-out for functional groups, surface morphology and hydrophilicity of the materials, followed by biodegradation and swelling analysis. The cell viability, cell culture and proliferation were evaluated against mouse pre-osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cell lines using neutral red dye assay. The cell adherence and proliferation studies were determined by SEM. Physical characterization including optimum porosity and pore size (49.75% and 0.41 x 10(3) mu m(2)), mechanical properties (compression strength 8.87 MPa and elastic modulus 442.63 MPa), swelling (70.20% at 27 degrees C and 77.21% at 37 degrees C) and biodegradation (23.8%) were performed. The results indicated CG-g-AAc-3 with a high optical density and better cell viability. Hence, CG-g-AAc-3 was found to be more efficient for bone regeneration with potential applications in fractured bone regeneration.
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