Journal
METABOLIC ENGINEERING
Volume 62, Issue -, Pages 30-41Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.08.004
Keywords
One-carbon metabolism; Glycine metabolism; Microbial electrosynthesis; Glycine cleavage system; Tetrahydrofolate
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Funding
- Max Planck Society - Dutch Organization of Science (NWO) [019.163LW.035, VI.Veni.192.156]
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Formate can be directly produced from CO2 and renewable electricity, making it a promising microbial feedstock for sustainable bioproduction. Cupriavidus necator is one of the few biotechnologically-relevant hosts that can grow on formate, but it uses the Calvin cycle, the high ATP cost of which limits biomass and product yields. Here, we redesign C. necator metabolism for formate assimilation via the synthetic, highly ATP-efficient reductive glycine pathway. First, we demonstrate that the upper pathway segment supports glycine biosynthesis from formate. Next, we explore the endogenous route for glycine assimilation and discover a wasteful oxidation-dependent pathway. By integrating glycine biosynthesis and assimilation we are able to replace C. necator's Calvin cycle with the synthetic pathway and achieve formatotrophic growth. We then engineer more efficient glycine metabolism and use short-term evolution to optimize pathway activity. The final growth yield we achieve (2.6 gCDW/mole-formate) nearly matches that of the WT strain using the Calvin Cycle (2.9 gCDW/moleformate). We expect that further rational and evolutionary optimization will result in a superior formatotrophic C. necator strain, paving the way towards realizing the formate bio-economy.
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