Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING
Volume 25, Issue 10, Pages 1753-1762Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2016.2627016
Keywords
Brain-computer interface (BCI); classification; covariance matrices; electroencephalography (EEG); Riemannian geometry; source extraction; subspaces
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Funding
- INRIA Project Lab BCI-LIFT
- French National Research Agency (REBEL project)
- French National Research Agency [ANR-15-CE23-0013-01]
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-15-CE23-0013] Funding Source: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
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Although promising from numerous applications, current brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) still suffer from a number of limitations. In particular, they are sensitive to noise, outliers and the non-stationarity of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals, they require long calibration times and are not reliable. Thus, new approaches and tools, notably at the EEG signal processing and classification level, are necessary to address these limitations. Riemannian approaches, spearheaded by the use of covariance matrices, are such a very promising tool slowly adopted by a growing number of researchers. This article, after a quick introduction to Riemannian geometry and a presentation of the BCI-relevant manifolds, reviews how these approaches have been used for EEG-based BCI, in particular for feature representation and learning, classifier design and calibration time reduction. Finally, relevant challenges and promising research directions for EEG signal classification in BCIs are identified, such as feature tracking on manifold or multi-task learning.
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