Journal
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Volume 8, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.594998
Keywords
ADF; cofilin; dendritic spine; LTP; LTD; AMPA glutamate receptor
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Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research [CIHR PJT155959, CIHR PJT168922]
- Canadian Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) [RGPIN341498, RGPIN06295]
- Hospital for Sick Children Foundation
- Libyan-North American Scholarship
- University of Toronto Graduate Scholarship
- Dystonia Medical Research Foundation Canada
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Actin-depolymerization factor (ADF)/cofilin, a family of actin-binding proteins, are critical for the regulation of actin reorganization in response to various signals. Accumulating evidence indicates that ADF/cofilin also play important roles in neuronal structure and function, including long-term potentiation and depression. These are the most extensively studied forms of long-lasting synaptic plasticity and are widely regarded as cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory. ADF/cofilin regulate synaptic function through their effects on dendritic spines and the trafficking of glutamate receptors, the principal mediator of excitatory synaptic transmission in vertebrates. Regulation of ADF/cofilin involves various signaling pathways converging on LIM domain kinases and slingshot phosphatases, which phosphorylate/inactivate and dephosphorylate/activate ADF/cofilin, respectively. Actin-depolymerization factor/cofilin activity is also regulated by other actin-binding proteins, activity-dependent subcellular distribution and protein translation. Abnormalities in ADF/cofilin have been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, investigating the roles of ADF/cofilin in the brain is not only important for understanding the fundamental processes governing neuronal structure and function, but also may provide potential therapeutic strategies to treat brain disorders.
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