Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 370, Issue 6522, Pages 1339-+Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.abe1107
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Funding
- Centre of Excellence Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis [2159]
- Great Ormond Street Children's Charity
- CureJM Foundation
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at GOSH
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at UCLH
- Francis Crick Institute from Cancer Research UK
- UK Medical Research Council
- Wellcome Trust
- MRC [MR/R008698/1, MC_PC_19082] Funding Source: UKRI
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Zoonotic introduction of novel coronaviruses may encounter preexisting immunity in humans. Using diverse assays for antibodies recognizing SARS-CoV-2 proteins, we detected preexisting humoral immunity. SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S)-reactive antibodies were detectable using a flow cytometry-based method in SARS-CoV-2-uninfected individuals and were particularly prevalent in children and adolescents. They were predominantly of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class and targeted the S2 subunit. By contrast, SARS-CoV-2 infection induced higher titers of SARS-CoV-2 S-reactive IgG antibodies targeting both the Si and S2 subunits, and concomitant IgM and IgA antibodies, lasting throughout the observation period. SARS-CoV-2-uninfected donor sera exhibited specific neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudotypes. Distinguishing preexisting and de novo immunity will be critical for our understanding of susceptibility to and the natural course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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