4.6 Review

Histone Variants: Guardians of Genome Integrity

Journal

CELLS
Volume 9, Issue 11, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells9112424

Keywords

cancer; cell fate; chromatin; chromosome integrity; DNA damage response; DNA repair; genome stability; histone chaperones; histone variants; oncohistones

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Funding

  1. European Research Council [ERC-2018-CoG-818625]
  2. French National Research Agency [ANR-18-CE12-0017-01]
  3. Labex [ANR-11-LABX-0071, ANR-18-IDEX-0001]
  4. University of Paris
  5. Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-18-CE12-0017] Funding Source: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)

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Chromatin integrity is key for cell homeostasis and for preventing pathological development. Alterations in core chromatin components, histone proteins, recently came into the spotlight through the discovery of their driving role in cancer. Building on these findings, in this review, we discuss how histone variants and their associated chaperones safeguard genome stability and protect against tumorigenesis. Accumulating evidence supports the contribution of histone variants and their chaperones to the maintenance of chromosomal integrity and to various steps of the DNA damage response, including damaged chromatin dynamics, DNA damage repair, and damage-dependent transcription regulation. We present our current knowledge on these topics and review recent advances in deciphering how alterations in histone variant sequence, expression, and deposition into chromatin fuel oncogenic transformation by impacting cell proliferation and cell fate transitions. We also highlight open questions and upcoming challenges in this rapidly growing field.

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