Journal
CELL
Volume 183, Issue 5, Pages 1162-1184Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.050
Keywords
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Categories
Funding
- NASA [NNX14AH51G, NNX14AB02G, 80NSSC19K0434, NNX14AH50G, NNX17AB26G, 19_HCBPSR_2-0067, 16-ROSBFP_GL-0005: NNH16ZTT001N-FG, 80NSSC19K0883]
- NIH [R01CA249054, R01AI151059, R01MH117406]
- Translational Research Institute for Space Health through NASA [NNX16AO69A (T-0404), NNX16AO69A]
- IBMP [64.1, 65.1]
- NASA Human Research Program [NNJ16HP24I, 80JSC018N001]
- Human Research Program [80NSS18K1492]
- NASA [NNX14AB02G, 686935] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
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Research on astronaut health and model organisms have revealed six features of spaceflight biology that guide our current understanding of fundamental molecular changes that occur during space travel. The features include oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysregulation, epigenetic changes (including gene regulation), telomere length alterations, and microbiome shifts. Here we review the known hazards of human spaceflight, how spaceflight affects living systems through these six fundamental features, and the associated health risks of space exploration. We also discuss the essential issues related to the health and safety of astronauts involved in future missions, especially planned long-duration and Martian missions.
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