Journal
SENSORS
Volume 20, Issue 22, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/s20226480
Keywords
GPS; GNSS; navigation; codephase; wildlife tracking
Funding
- Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MoBIE) [UOOX0904]
- New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment (MBIE) [UOOX0904] Funding Source: New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment (MBIE)
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A new approach to GPS positioning is described in which the post-processing of ultra-short sequences of captured GPS signal data can produce an estimate of receiver location. The algorithm, called 'FastFix', needs only 2-4 ms of stored L1-band data sampled at similar to 16 MHz. The algorithm uses a least-squares optimization to estimate receiver position and GPS time from measurements of the relative codephase, and Doppler-shift of GNSS satellite signals. A practical application of this algorithm is demonstrated in a small, lightweight, low-power tracking tag that periodically wakes-up, records and stores 4 ms of GPS L1-band signal and returns to a low-power state-reducing power requirements by a factor of similar to 10,000 compared to typical GPS devices. Stationary device testing shows a median error of 27.7 m with a small patch antenna. Results from deployment of this tag on adult Royal Albatross show excellent performance, demonstrating lightweight, solar-powered, long-term tracking of these remarkable birds. This work was performed on the GPS system; however, the algorithm is applicable to other GNSS systems.
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