Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS
Volume 53, Issue 1, Pages 430-438Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2016.2616319
Keywords
Energy storage; frequency regulation; lifetime; Lithium-ion battery; operation
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Because of their characteristics, which have been continuously improved during the last years, Lithium-ion batteries have been proposed as an alternative viable solution to present fast-reacting conventional generating units to deliver the primary frequency regulation service. However, even though there are worldwide demonstration projects, where energy storage systems based on Lithium-ion batteries are evaluated for such applications, the field experience is still very limited. In consequence, at present, there are no very clear requirements on how the Lithium-ion battery energy storage systems should be operated, while providing frequency regulation service and how the system has to reestablish its state of charge (SOC) once the frequency event has passed. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the effect on the lifetime of the Lithium-ion batteries energy storage system of various strategies for reestablishing the batteries' SOC after the primary frequency regulation is successfully delivered.
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