An Adaptive Quadrature Signal Generation-Based Single-Phase Phase-Locked Loop for Grid-Connected Applications

The quadrature signal generation-based phase-locked loops (QSG-PLLs) are highly popular for synchronization purposes in single-phase systems. The main difference among these PLLs often lies in the technique they use for creating the fictitious quadrature signal. One of the most popular QSG approaches is delaying the original single-phase signal by a quarter of a cycle. The PLL with such QSG technique is often called the transfer delay-based PLL (TD-PLL). The TD-PLL benefits from a simple structure, rather fast dynamic response, and a good detection accuracy when the grid frequency is at its nominal value, but it suffers from a phase offset error and double-frequency oscillatory error in the estimated quantities in the presence of frequency drifts. In this paper, a simple yet effective approach to remove the aforementioned errors of the TD-PLL is proposed. The resultant PLL structure is called the adaptive TD-PLL (ATD-PLL). The stability of the ATD-PLL is evaluated by the derivation of its small-signal model. Parameter design guidelines are also presented. Finally, the effectiveness of the ATD-PLL is confirmed using numerical results.