Journal
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 26, Issue 11, Pages 2578-2585Publisher
CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION
DOI: 10.3201/eid2611.201442
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- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health [1R01AI101371-01A1]
- Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark through the Danish Agrifish Agency [33010-NIFA-14-612]
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Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) can acquire phage-encoded immune modulators, such as the immune evasion cluster (IEC), which protects bacteria from components of the human innate immune system, and the enzyme TarP, which protects against antibody-mediated immune recognition. We used whole-genome sequencing and epidemiologic investigations to study the effects of IEC- and tarP-harboring phages on household transmission of LA-MRSA in North Denmark Region during 2004-2011. We reviewed information about all patients throughout Denmark who experienced LA-MRSA infection during 2007-2018 to determine whether IEC is associated with increased spread into the general population. Horizontal acquisition of IEC in the human host was associated with increased household transmission of LA-MRSA and spillover into the community and healthcare settings, whereas we found no evidence to suggest that IEC-positive LA-MRSA isolates have become self-sustainable in the general population. By contrast, TarP did not seem to influence household transmission of LA-MRSA.
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