Properties of the spherically symmetric polymer black holes

In this paper we systematically study a recently proposed model of spherically symmetric polymer black/white holes by Bodendorfer, Mele, and Minch (BMM), which generically possesses five free parameters. However, we fmd that, out of these five parameters, only three independent combinations of them are physical and uniquely determine the local and global properties of the spacetimes. After exploring the whole 3-dimensional (3D) parameter space, we show that the model has very rich physics, and depending on the choice of these parameters, various possibilities exist, including: (i) spacetimes that have the standard black/white hole structures, that is, spacetimes that are free of spacetime curvature singularities and possess two asymptotically flat regions, which are connected by a transition surface (throat) with a finite and nonzero geometric radius. The black/white hole masses measured by observers in the two asymptotically flat regions arc all positive, and the surface gravity of the black (white) hole is positive (negative). In this case, there also exist possibilities in which the two horizons coincide, and the corresponding surface gravity vanishes identically. (ii) Spacetimes that have wormholelike structures, in which the two masses measured in the two asymptotically flat regions are all positive, but no horizons exist, neither a trapped (black hole) horizon nor an anti-trapped (white hole) horizon. (iii) Spacetimes that still possess curvature singularities, which can be either hidden inside trapped regions or naked. However, such spacetimes correspond to only some limit cases. In particular, the necessary (but not sufficient) condition is that at least one of the two polymerization parameters vanishes. These results are not in conflict to the Hawking-Penrose singularity theorems, as the effective energy-momentum tensor, purely geometric and resulted from the polymerization quantization, satisfies none of the three (weak, strong or dominant) energy conditions in any of the two asymptotically flat regions for any choice of the three independent free parameters, although they can hold at the throat and/or at the two horizons for some particular choices of them. in addition, it is true that quantum gravitational effects arc mainly concentrated in the region near the throat, however, in this model even for solar mass black/white holes, such effects can be still very large at the black/white hole horizons, again depending on the choice of the parameters. Moreover, in principle the ratio of the two masses (for both of the black/white hole and wormhole spacetimes) can be arbitrarily large.