Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING
Volume 6, Issue -, Pages 1571-1585Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TCI.2020.3041093
Keywords
QIS; high dynamic range; signal-to-noise ratio; photon counting
Funding
- National Science Foundation [CCF-1718007]
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High dynamic range (HDR) imaging is one of the biggest achievements in modern photography. Traditional solutions to HDR imaging are designed for and applied to CMOS image sensors (CIS). However, the mainstream one-micron CIS cameras today generally have a high read noise and low frame-rate. Consequently, these sensors have limited acquisition speed, making the cameras slow in the HDR mode. In this paper, we propose a new computational photography technique for HDR imaging. Recognizing the limitations of CIS, we use the Quanta Image Sensors (QIS) to trade spatial-temporal resolution with bit-depth. QIS are single-photon image sensors that have comparable pixel pitch to CIS but substantially lower dark current and read noise. We provide a complete theoretical characterization of the sensor in the context of HDR imaging, by proving the fundamental limits in the dynamic range that QIS can offer and its trade-offs with noise and speed. In addition, we derive an optimal reconstruction algorithm for single-bit and multi-bit QIS. Our algorithm is theoretically optimal for all linear reconstruction schemes based on exposure bracketing. Experimental results confirm the validity of the theory and algorithm, based on synthetic and real QIS data.
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