The association between dietary pattern and coronary artery disease: A case-control study

Introduction: Dietary patterns are an important factors in the progress of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to assess the association between dietary patterns and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: A case-control study was carried on 550 participants. Food expenditure was collected using a validated 168-item food-frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were extracted by principal component analysis (PCA). Multiple logistic regressions was used to assess the association between dietary patterns and the risk of CAD. Results: Three major dietary patterns were identified: the Quasi-Western Pattern was characterized by higher intakes of sweets and desserts, snacks, legumes, honey or jam, ketchup, mayonnaise, yellow vegetables, potatoes, red meat, refined grains; the Sugar and Fast foods Pattern was characterized by higher intakes of sugar, soft drinks, fast foods, high-fat dairy, hydrogenated fats, and the Quasi-Mediterranean Pattern was characterized by higher intakes of fruits, cruciferous vegetables, green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, nuts, coffee. In both sexes, the Quasi-Western Pattern and the Sugar and Fast foods Pattern were positively associated with the risk of CAD. For Quasi-Western Pattern, adjusted-ORs were (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 0.99-1.83, P = 0.05) and (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.03-1.83, P = 0.03) for men and women respectively. The ORs were for Sugar and Fast foods Pattern (OR: 3.64, 95% CI: 2.25-5.89, P < 0.001) and (OR: 3.91, 95% CI: 2.42-6.63, P < 0.001) for men and women respectively. There was a significant inverse relationship among Quasi-Mediterranean pattern and CAD in the crude model in women (OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.55-0.89, P = 0.0.004). Conclusion: High adherence to the Quasi-Western Pattern and Sugar-Fast foods Pattern dietary patterns were associated with a higher risk of CAD. The Quasi-Mediterranean pattern reduced the risk of CAD.