A Petri Net Approach to Fault Diagnosis and Restoration for Power Transmission Systems to Avoid the Output Interruption of Substations

A traditional power transmission system (TPTS) is composed of many electrical substations (ESs) and transmission lines. When the latter meet faults, the output of the ESs may be interrupted. In this paper, a methodology is proposed to construct controlled systems with battery energy storage systems to avoid the output interruption during the fault detection and restoration for some important ESs. In a TPTS, an important ES can be controlled by a supervisor that can be thought of as a control agent. Moreover, the ES can be preconnected with other ESs. If a fault occurs in the input lines of the ES, the fault can be detected by its supervisor and restored by its preconnected ESs. Furthermore, the ES can contain a battery energy storage system to store electric power for its temporary output during the fault detection and restoration. Therefore, the output interruption of the ES can be successfully avoided. This work formally mixlels the structures of TPTSs and their control systems by using Petri nets and then verifies the correctness of fault detection and restoration. Finally, a case study is presented.