Journal
BATTERIES-BASEL
Volume 6, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/batteries6040057
Keywords
thermal fatigue; lithium ion battery; cycle life; cell failure; high rate cycling; battery aging
Funding
- Advanced Propulsion Centre UK
- BMW Motorsport Ltd.
- McLaren Automotive Ltd.
- Delta Motorsports Ltd.
- University of Warwick
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The impacts on battery cell ageing from high current operation are investigated using commercial cells. This study utilised two tests-(i) to establish the maximum current limits before cell failure and (ii) applying this maximum current until cell failure. Testing was performed to determine how far cycling parameters could progress beyond the manufacturer's recommendations. Current fluxes were increased up to 100 C cycling conditions without the cell undergoing catastrophic failure. Charge and discharge current capabilities were possible at magnitudes of 1.38 and 4.4 times, respectively, more than that specified by the manufacturer's claims. The increased current was used for longer term cycling tests to 500 cycles and the resulting capacity loss and resistance increase was dominated by thermal fatigue of the electrodes. This work shows that there is a discrepancy between manufacturer-stated current limits and actual current limits of the cell, before the cell undergoes catastrophic failure. This presumably is based on manufacturer-defined performance and lifetime criteria, as well as prioritised safety factors. For certain applications, e.g., where high performance is needed, this gap may not be suitable; this paper shows how this gap could be narrowed for these applications using the testing described herein.
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