Journal
CHEMICAL REVIEWS
Volume 120, Issue 24, Pages 13135-13272Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00663
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Funding
- Czech Science Foundation [GA18-12477S, GJ19-20467Y]
- Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports [CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_043/0009632, EU H2020:857560]
- RECETOX research infrastructure [LM2018121]
- European Research Council (GAtransport)
- Binational Science Foundation [2016060]
- MEYS CR [LTAIN19166]
- Planning and Budgeting Committee (PBC) of the Israeli Council for Higher Education
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Photoactivatable (alternatively, photoremovable, photoreleasable, or photocleavable) protecting groups (PPGs), also known as caged or photocaged compounds, are used to enable non-invasive spatiotemporal photochemical control over the release of species of interest. Recent years have seen the development of PPGs activatable by biologically and chemically benign visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. These long-wavelength-absorbing moieties expand the applicability of this powerful method and its accessibility to non-specialist users. This review comprehensively covers organic and transition metal-containing photoactivatable compounds (complexes) that absorb in the visible- and NIR-range to release various leaving groups and gasotransmitters (carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide). The text also covers visible- and NIR-light-induced photosensitized release using molecular sensitizers, quantum dots, and upconversion and second-harmonic nanoparticles, as well as release via photodynamic (photooxygenation by singlet oxygen) and photothermal effects. Release from photo-activatable polymers, micelles, vesicles, and photoswitches, along with the related emerging field of photopharmacology, is discussed at the end of the review.
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