Journal
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
Volume 3, Issue 12, Pages 12278-12287Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c02749
Keywords
ultrafast assembly; graphene hydrogel; polyaniline-graphene hybrid; molecular diffusion; pseudocapacitance
Funding
- SERB, Government of India [ECR/2016/000247]
- Department of Physics and Central Instruments Facility (CIF), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
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The intricate design of nanomaterials through the controlled diffusion process is natural for biological bodies; however, understanding this mechanism for the development of morphology tuned nanomaterials in the practical chemical synthesis process is still lacking. Herein, we present the development of graphene hydrogel via ultrafast assembly and employed it as a diffusion controlled confined reactor for the growth of ultrafine polyaniline nanostructure directly over its hydrogel surface (PANI-GH). The significant control over the polymerization rate is achieved by slowing the diffusion of monomers through the hydrogel-organic interface and subsequent confined polymerization within the porous compartments of graphene hydrogel. In addition, the strong attractive interaction of aniline monomer with the graphene surface plays a key role in controlling the oriented nucleation process, as revealed from the molecular dynamics study. The as-developed PANI-GH with commercial scale mass loading (8.8 mg cm(-2)) exhibits excellent supercapacitive performance, displaying a capacitance of 503 F g(-1) and superb retention (95.8%) even after 3000 charge-discharge cycles. More importantly, it showed a very high rate capability with a capacity retention of 88.6% when the current density increased from 2 to 30 A g(-1). This fundamental understanding of the hydrogel mediated interfacial reaction together with outstanding performance metrics of the as-developed material could open up a versatile platform for morphology tuned graphene based functional hybrids.
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