Journal
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
Volume 23, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2016.2614676
Keywords
Optical synchronization techniques; attosecond photonics; large-scale timing distribution; laser-microwave network; free-electron lasers
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Funding
- European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP)/ERC [609920]
- Cluster of Excellence: The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging - Structure, Dynamics, and Control of Matter at the Atomic Scale of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
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To observe electronic dynamics in atoms, molecules, and condensed matter taking place on an attosecond time scale, next-generation photon science facilities like X-ray free-electron lasers and intense laser beamlines require system-wide attosecond-level synchronization of dozens of optical and microwave signals up to kilometer distances. Here, we present for the first time a timing synchronization system that can meet the strict timing requirements of such large-scale facilities. We discuss some key enabling technologies including master-laser jitter characterization, local timing synchronization, new designs of attosecond-precision timing/phase detectors, and analyze fundamental noise contributions in nonlinear pulse propagation in fiber links. Finally, a complete 4.7-km laser-microwave network with 950-as timing jitter is realized over tens of hours of continuous operation.
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