Journal
CRYOBIOLOGY
Volume 71, Issue 3, Pages 518-521Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.10.152
Keywords
Tissue engineering; Tissue scaffolds; Hydrogels; Freezing; Cryogen
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We describe a new cryogenic 3D printing technology for freezing hydrogels, with a potential impact to tissue engineering. We show that complex frozen hydrogel structures can be generated when the 3D object is printed immersed in a liquid coolant (liquid nitrogen), whose upper surface is maintained at the same level as the highest deposited layer of the object. This novel approach ensures that the process of freezing is controlled precisely, and that already printed frozen layers remain at a constant temperature. We describe the device and present results which illustrate the potential of the new technology. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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