Journal
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION
Volume 16, Issue 11, Pages 7195-7206Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00862
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [CHE 1764257]
- Pittsburgh Chapter of the ARCS Foundation
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We present a version of the coarse-grained Cooke lipid model, modified to simulate asymmetric lipid membranes. It is inspired by a method employed by Wang et al. [Commun. Comput. Phys. 2013, 13, 1093-1106] for artificially penalizing lipid flip-flop but copes more robustly with differential stress, at the cost of one additional bead per lipid and the concomitant increase in computational overhead. Bilayer asymmetry ultimately breaks down beyond a system size dependent critical differential stress, which can be predicted from a simple analytical model. We remeasure many important material parameters for the new model and find it to be consistent with typical fluid lipid membranes. Maintaining a stable stress asymmetry has many applications, and we give two examples: (i) connecting monolayer stress to lipid number asymmetry in order to directly measure the monolayer area modulus and (ii) finding its strain-dependent higher-order correction by monitoring the equilibrium bilayer area.
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