Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 12, Issue 45, Pages 50418-50425Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14218
Keywords
perovskite solar cell; 85 degrees C stability; photodegradation; ionic passivator; defect analysis
Funding
- Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) [20183010014470]
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) [2020R1A2C100545211]
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Because of the facile formation of defects in organometal halide perovskites, the defect passivation has become an important prerequisite for the stable and efficient perovskite solar cell (PSC). Regarding that ionic defects of the perovskites play a significant role on the performance and stability of PSCs, we introduce lithium fluorides as effective passivators based on their strong ionic characteristics and small ionic radii. Both Li+ and F- are observed to successfully incorporate within the perovskite layer, improving the device performances with the best efficiency over 20%, while the hysteresis effects are significantly reduced, confirming the passivation of perovskite defects. Moreover, LiF restrains both thermal degradation and photodegradation of PSCs, where over 90% of the initial efficiencies have been retained by LiF-incorporated devices for more than 1000 h under either 1 sun illumination or 85 degrees C thermal condition. As the trap density of states is analyzed before and after the thermal stress, not only the mitigation of electronic traps as fabricated but also the dramatic relaxation of traps during the postannealing step is observed with the LiF incorporation. From this work, LiF has shown its potential as a promising ionic passivator, and the phenomenal achievement of device stability by LiF provides a clear insight to overcome the stability issues of PSCs, a key to the commercialization of next-generation photovoltaics.
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