Journal
HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT
Volume 23, Issue 8, Pages 1928-1940Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2017.1338934
Keywords
lead; dietary exposure; health risk assessment; China
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Funding
- National High Technology Research and Development Project of China [2011AA100806]
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This paper investigated the concentrations of Pb in foods and the potential health risk from Pb exposure via surveys and a literature review. It was shown that the mean Pb concentration in different food groups was in the following decreasing order: marine products > meat > egg > vegetable > cereal > bean> dairy > fruit. More precisely, on average the weekly Pb intake (mg kg(-1) bw week(-1)) for men, women, 2-3-year-old children, and 4-17-year-old children was 0.0055, 0.0059, 0.0145, and 0.0091, respectively. We used both deterministic and probabilistic methods to estimate the target hazard quotients (THQs) by comparing the dietary Pb intake estimation with respect to the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The result showed that THQ values were lower than 1 in most cases, except the 97.5th percentile THQ values for 2-3-year-old children, and the probability of greater dietary Pb exposure than the tolerant weekly intake (THQ > 1) were 0.2%, 0.6%, 3.7%, and 1.2% for adult men, women, 2-3-year-old children, and 4-17-year-old children, respectively, indicating a low health risk for Chinese consumers. Among all groups, children, especially 2-3-year-old children were the most sensitive subpopulation with regard to Pb exposure. Finally, it still appeared necessary to continue undertaking efforts to reduce exposure to Pb.
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