Journal
HEPATOLOGY
Volume 66, Issue 6, Pages 1920-1933Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/hep.29360
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Funding
- State Key Basic Research Program of China [2013CB910500]
- National Key Project for Infectious Disease of China [2012ZX10002012-003]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81071993, 81372654]
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Inhibitors of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) administered as single agents have resulted in durable tumor regression in advanced cancer patients. However, only a minority of cancer patients respond to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Here, we show that PD-1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma promotes tumor growth independently of adaptive immunity. Knockdown of PD-1 suppresses tumor growth, whereas PD-1 overexpression enhances tumorigenesis in immunodeficient xenografted mice. Mechanistically, PD-1 binds the downstream mammalian target of rapamycin effectors eukaryotic initiation factor 4E and ribosomal protein S6, thus promoting their phosphorylation. Moreover, combining mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition with anti-PD-1 antibody treatment results in more durable and synergistic tumor regression than either single agent alone, each of which presents only modest efficacy. Conclusion: Targeting mammalian target of rapamycin pathways in combination with PD-1 may result in increased antitumor efficacy in cancer patients.
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