Journal
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN EUKARYOTIC GENE EXPRESSION
Volume 25, Issue 1, Pages 59-75Publisher
BEGELL HOUSE INC
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2015012975
Keywords
mTOR; AMPK; Sirt1; autophagy
Funding
- FIRB (Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca,Italy) [RBAP10KCNS]
- RFO (University of Bologna)
- Fondi cinque per mille (Ministero della Salute, Italy)
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Cells adapt their metabolism and activities in response to signals from their surroundings, and this ability is essential for their survival in the face of environmental changes. In mammalian tissues a deficit of these mechanisms is commonly associated with cellular aging and degenerative diseases related to aging, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, immune system decline, and neurological pathologies. Several proteins have been identified as able to respond directly to energy, nutrient, and growth factor levels and stress stimuli in order to mediate adaptations in the cell. Many of these proteins are enzymes that positively or negatively modulate the autophagic process. This review focuses on biochemical mechanisms involving enzymes-specifically, mTOR, AMPK, and Sirt1-that are currently considered important for these adaptive responses, providing an overview of the interactions of the main players in this process.
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