Modelling and control coordination scheme of a wind-to-hydrogen set for future renewable-based power systems

New challenges regarding system stability and efficiency arise when power systems operate with a high penetration level of inverter-based renewable sources (IBRSs) and few synchronous generators. Since IBRSs have been on the rise, to secure the stable operation of future power systems, IBRSs will be required to support systems without having to rely on remaining synchronous generators. Also, to efficiently manage the uncertainty of renewable production, power-to-gas technology can provide the required flexibility. This study proposes modelling and a control coordination scheme (CCS) of a wind-to-hydrogen (W2H) set to optimise electricity production from a variable-speed wind turbine generator (WTG) while helping balance between supply and demand in a system. To achieve this, a grid-forming (GFM) inverter-based WTG is modelled and a set of electrolyser and fuel cell is integrated at the DC circuit of a GFM-WTG to be coordinated. Furthermore, the CCS offers an opportunity to reduce the investment cost for deploying a W2H set by utilising the control capabilities of a WTG and reducing the need for an additional device. The performance of the proposed W2H set with the CCS was verified considering the variations in system load and wind speed by using Power System Computer Aided Design (PSCAD)/ElectroMagnetic Transients including Direct Current (EMTDC).