Nanoporous Conducting Polymer-Based Coatings in Microextraction Techniques for Environmental and Biomedical Applications

Biologically active compounds constitute a wide group of chemicals, therefore it is a big challenge to create sorbents that are sensitive as well as selective. Development of nanoporous sorbents based on conducting polymers has expanded the boundaries of detection and quantification. Additionally, electrochemical synthesis used to deposit polymeric coatings directly on solid supports makes it possible to control physico-chemical properties of such sorbents. Besides the development of new polymeric nanoporous materials, the question of selectivity needs to be addressed. One possibility, successfully adapted to solid-phase microextraction, is molecular imprinting. Coatings created with this technology allow obtaining higher selectivity, with sensitivity at a constantly high level. The main aim of this review is to present comprehensively the concept of nanoporous sorbents based on conducting polymers, possible coating methods with their characteristics, and their various applications. This article focuses on applications in environmental and biomedical analyses.