Journal
HARMFUL ALGAE
Volume 62, Issue -, Pages 127-135Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.12.004
Keywords
Dinoflagellate; Chromosome decompaction; Nucleus; Cell cycle inhibition; Algicide; Morphology
Categories
Funding
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) Prevention, Mitigation and Control of HABs (PCM HAB) program [NA10NOS4780136, PCM034]
- National Science Foundation EPSCoR Grant [IIA-1301765]
- State of Delaware
Ask authors/readers for more resources
The algicide, IRI-160AA, induces mortality in dinoflagellates but not other species of algae, suggesting that a shared characteristic or feature renders this class of phytoplankton vulnerable to the algicide. In contrast to other eukaryotic species, the genome of dinoflagellates is stabilized by high concentrations of divalent cations and transition metals and contains large amounts of DNA with unusual base modifications. These distinctions set dinoflagellates apart from other phytoplankton and suggest that the nucleus may be a dinoflagellate-specific target for IRI-160AA. In this study, morphological and ultrastructural changes in three dinoflagellate species, Prorocentrum minimum, Karlodinium veneficum and Gyrodinium instriatum, were evaluated after short-term exposure to IRI-160AA using super resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Exposure to the algicide resulted in cytoplasmic membrane blebbing, differing chloroplast morphologies, nuclear expansion, and chromosome expulsion and/or destabilization. TEM analysis showed that chromosomes of algicide-treated K. veneficum appeared electron dense with fibrous protrusions. In algicide-treated P. minimum and G. instriatum, chromosome decompaction occurred, while for P. minimum, nuclear expulsion was also observed for several cells. Results of this investigation demonstrate that exposure to the algicide destabilizes dinoflagellate chromosomes, although it was not clear if the nucleus was the primary target of the algicide or if the observed effects on chromosomal structure were due to downstream impacts. In all cases, changes in cellular morphology and ultrastructure were observed within two hours, suggesting that the algicide may be an effective and rapid approach to mitigate dinoflagellate blooms. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available