Journal
GLIA
Volume 65, Issue 7, Pages 1021-1031Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/glia.23116
Keywords
myelin; oligodendrocytes; axons; proliferation; differentiation
Categories
Funding
- ERC CoG Grant
- German Research Foundation [SI 746/9-1, SI 746/10-1, SPP1757, TRR43]
- Tschira-Stiftung, the Cluster of Excellence
- DFG Research Center SyNergy
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Rapid nerve conduction depends on myelin, but not all axons in the central nervous system (CNS) are myelinated to the same extent. Here, we review our current understanding of the biology of myelin biogenesis in the CNS. We focus on how the different steps of myelination are interconnected and how distinct patterns of myelin are generated. Possibly, a basal mode of myelination is laying the groundwork in areas devoted to basic homeostasis early in development, whereas a targeted mode generates myelin in regions controlling more complex tasks throughout adulthood. Such mechanisms may explain why myelination progresses in some areas according to a typical chronological and topographic sequence, while in other regions it is regulated by environmental stimuli contributing to interindividual variability of myelin structure.
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