Elemental ion release and cytotoxicity of antimicrobial acrylic resins incorporated with nanomaterial

Objectives: This study evaluated the release of ions and the cytotoxicity of acrylic resins incorporated with silver vanadate decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgVO3). Background: The inhibition of the accumulation of microorganisms on the resins is critical in preventing diseases. However, the hypothesis is that the release of ions from the incorporation of AgVO3 may be important in biocompatibility. Materials and methods: Specimens of autopolymerising (AP) and heat-polymerising resin (HP) with AgVO3 were prepared and immersed in culture medium. The release of silver ions (Ag) and vanadium (V) was evaluated by mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) (n= 9) and the cell viability of fibroblasts L929 by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (n= 12). The results were evaluated with analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey and Pearson correlation test (alpha=. 05). Results: The groups containing AgVO3 presented a difference in relation to the control (0%) regarding the release of Ag and V (P<.0001). All groups showed a reduction in L929 viability when compared with the cellular control (100%) (P<.0001). In comparison with the control resins for HP, a reduction in the metabolism of cells occurred starting at 2.5% and for AP at 5% (P<.0001). A positive correlation was found between the concentration of AgVO3 and the ion release, and a negative between the ion release and the cell viability. Conclusions: Significant numbers of Ag and V ions were released from resins with higher concentrations of AgVO3, presenting cytotoxicity for cells, suggesting that the use of low concentrations is indicated to avoid risks to patients.