Journal
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 44, Issue 5, Pages 2416-2426Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2016GL072488
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Funding
- EU [603864]
- JRC of the European Commission as part of the CoastAlRisk project
- JRC of the European Commission as part of the ADAPTATION project
- CAPES [88881.068343/2014-01]
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In this study we conducted a comprehensive modeling analysis to identify global trends in extreme wave energy flux (WEF) along coastlines in the 21st century under a high emission pathway (Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5). For the end of the century, results show a significant increase up to 30% in 100year return level WEF for the majority of the coastal areas of the southern temperate zone, while in the Northern Hemisphere large coastal areas are characterized by a significant negative trend. We show that the most significant long-term trends of extreme WEF can be explained by intensification of teleconnection patterns such as the Antarctic Oscillation, El Nino-Southern Oscillation, and North Atlantic Oscillation. The projected changes will have broad implications for ocean engineering applications and disaster risk management. Especially low-lying coastal countries in the Southern Hemisphere will be particularly vulnerable due to the combined effects of projected relative sea level rise and more extreme wave activities.
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