Journal
JOURNAL OF CHINESE GOVERNANCE
Volume 6, Issue 3, Pages 417-434Publisher
ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/23812346.2020.1721230
Keywords
Climate governance; international cooperation; multilateralism; bilateralism; transnationalism
Categories
Funding
- Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [22604217, 12600718]
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International cooperation plays a key role in climate governance. This study compares multilateralism, bilateralism, and transnationalism in terms of their strengths and limitations, and suggests that governments should focus more on developing bilateralism and transnationalism in the face of increasing challenges in climate multilateralism.
International cooperation has played a major role in climate governance. With a particular focus on China, this study develops a comparative framework to understand three pathways to international cooperation on climate change: multilateralism, bilateralism and transnationalism. Drawing on cooperation theory, we compare the three pathways in terms of their leaders, organisations, bargaining process, agreement, and enforcement efforts, and analyse their comparative strengths and limitations. We suggest that, given the ever-increasing difficulties and uncertainty experienced in climate multilateralism, the government should pay more attention to developing climate bilateralism and transnationalism in order to leverage the benefits of international cooperation on climate governance.
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