4.5 Article

The potential of sedimentary foraminiferal rare earth element patterns to trace water masses in the past

Journal

GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
Volume 18, Issue 4, Pages 1550-1568

Publisher

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2016GC006782

Keywords

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Funding

  1. German Science Foundation (DFG) [FR1198/8-2, OS499/2-1]
  2. German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung) as part of Manihiki II [03G0225B]
  3. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
  4. Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI)
  5. NSF [OCE-644625]
  6. NERC [NE/M017826/1] Funding Source: UKRI

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Dissolved rare earth element (REE) concentration data from intermediate and deep seawater form an array characterized by higher middle-REE enrichments (MREE/MREE*) in the North Atlantic and a progressive increase in heavy-to-light REE ratios (HREE/LREE) as water masses age. The REEs in foraminifera are fractionated toward higher MREE/MREE* and lower HREE/LREE relative to seawater. Calculations based on a scavenging model show that the REE patterns in uncleaned core-top foraminifera resemble those adsorbed onto calcite, particulate organic material, and hydrous ferric oxides but the full extent of the REE fractionation measured in foraminifera was not reproduced by the model. However, differences in the HREE/LREE and MREE/MREE* ratios and the cerium anomaly between ocean basins are preserved and are in agreement with the seawater REE distribution. Under oxic conditions, the HREE/LREE and MREE/MREE* compositions of uncleaned foraminifera at the sediment/seawater boundary are preserved during burial but the cerium anomaly is sensitive to burial depth. In suboxic sedimentary environments, all uncleaned foraminiferal REE concentrations are elevated relative to core-top values indicating addition of REEs from pore waters. The HREE/LREE ratio is highest when sedimentation rates were greatest and when high Fe/Ca ratios in the uncleaned foraminifera indicate that Fe was mobile. In sediments that have not experienced suboxic conditions during burial, uncleaned foraminifera preserve the seawater signal taken up at the sediment/seawater interface and are therefore suggested to be a suitable archive of changes in the REE signal of past bottom waters.

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