The third digital divide and Bourdieu: Bidirectional conversion of economic, cultural, and social capital to (and from) digital capital among young people in Madrid

Based on Bourdieu's theory, this article focuses on the third-level digital divide in relation to offline outcomes of Internet use. Based on 30 in-depth qualitative interviews with young people in Madrid, we analyzed the mechanisms used to convert three main forms of capital-economic, cultural, and social-into digital capital (DC) and the subsequent reconversion of DC back into the three main forms of capital. We conclude that economic capital is the most basic form of digital inequality, imposing material barriers to access. Cultural capital is transformed into DC through people's techno-socialization, while social capital is converted into DC by means of social practices and social support. DC can be retransformed into each of the three main forms of capital: to economic capital by means of professional networking and access to goods; to cultural capital through access to knowledge; and into social capital by the differential management of social ties.

Automated summary

This article explores the relationship between the third-level digital divide and offline outcomes of Internet use based on Bourdieu's theory. Through qualitative interviews with young people in Madrid, the study found that economic capital is the most basic form of digital inequality, while cultural capital is transformed into digital capital through techno-socialization, and social capital is converted into digital capital through social practices and support. Digital capital can be retransformed into economic, cultural, and social capital through various mechanisms.