Meanings of Theory: Clarifying Theory through Typification

Developing and evaluating scientific knowledge and its value requires a clear - or at least not too unclear - understanding of what 'theory' means. We argue that common definitions of theory are too restrictive, as they do not acknowledge the existence of multiple kinds of scientific knowledge, but largely recognize only one kind as 'theory', namely explanatory knowledge. We elaborate a typology that broadens and clarifies the meaning of 'theory'. Consisting of five basic theory types - explaining, comprehending, ordering, enacting and provoking theories - the typology offers a framework that enables researchers to develop and assess knowledge in more varied ways and for a broader set of purposes than is typically recognized, as well as providing a more level playing field within the academic community.

Automated summary

The article argues that traditional definitions of 'theory' are too restrictive and fail to recognize the existence of multiple types of scientific knowledge. It presents a typology of five basic theory types to provide researchers with a framework for developing and evaluating knowledge in more varied ways. This typology also aims to create a more level playing field within the academic community.