Journal
PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN
Volume 47, Issue 4, Pages 673-687Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/0146167220945900
Keywords
attitudes; overall attitude; cognitive-affective inconsistency; cognitive-affective ambivalence; attitude-behavior relationship
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This research found that cognitive-affective inconsistency plays a more significant role in predicting behavior based on overall attitude compared to ambivalence.
This research explored whether overall attitude is a stronger predictor of behavior when underlying cognitive-affective inconsistency or ambivalence is low versus high. Across three prospective studies in different behaviors and populations (Study 1: eating a low-fat diet,N= 136 adults, eating five fruit and vegetables per day,N= 135 adults; Study 2: smoking initiation,N= 4,933 adolescents; and Study 3: physical activity,N= 909 adults) we tested cognitive-affective inconsistency and ambivalence individually and simultaneously as moderators of the overall attitude-behavior relationship. Across studies, more similar effects were observed for inconsistency compared with ambivalence (in both individual and simultaneous analyses). Meta-analysis across studies supported this conclusion with both cognitive-affective inconsistency and ambivalence being significant moderators when considered on their own, but only inconsistency being significant when tested simultaneously. The reported studies highlight the importance of cognitive-affective inconsistency as a determinant of the strength of overall attitude.
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