Journal
JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
Volume 51, Issue 5, Pages 1508-1527Publisher
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04573-6
Keywords
Autism spectrum disorder; Early diagnosis; Parent-reported screening questionnaires; Autism diagnostic observation schedule; Very preterm-born children; Preterm birth
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Funding
- Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) [G.0939.12 N]
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This study found a high prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in very preterm children, but the sensitivity and specificity of screening and diagnostic tools were inadequate. Successfully identifying ASD in this high-risk group poses challenges due to the limitations of current tools and cut-off scores.
This study estimated ASD prevalence in a cohort of 3-year-old very preterm children (N = 55) and investigated the usefulness of parent-reported ASD screeners and the ADOS-2. 12.7% received an ASD diagnosis by clinical judgment based on DSM-5 criteria. An additional 14.5% were classified as having a broader-autism-phenotype outcome. Sensitivity values for the screeners were poor, whereas specificity values ranged from poor to excellent. The ADOS-2 identified all children with ASD and had a fair specificity. These findings confirm the elevated ASD prevalence made by previous studies with preterm children but also highlight the challenges of successfully identifying ASD in this at-risk group. Caution is warranted when interpreting results of ASD instruments with the currently available cut-off scores and algorithms, especially when developmental challenges are present.
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