Journal
GENETICS
Volume 206, Issue 2, Pages 691-716Publisher
GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA
DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.186288
Keywords
adaptation; C. briggsae; C. elegans; C. remanei; domestication; experimental design; laboratory selection experiments; self-fertilization; reproduction systems; mutation accumulation; standing genetic variation; WormBook
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Funding
- European Research Council [FP7/2007-2013/243285]
- Human Frontiers Science Program [RGP0045/2010]
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-14-ACHN-0032-01]
- National Science Foundation [MCB-1330427]
- National Institutes of Health [R01GM102511, R01AG049396, R01GM107227]
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The hermaphroditic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been one of the primary model systems in biology since the 1970s, but only within the last two decades has this nematode also become a useful model for experimental evolution. Here, we outline the goals and major foci of experimental evolution with C. elegans and related species, such as C. briggsae and C. remanei, by discussing the principles of experimental design, and highlighting the strengths and limitations of Caenorhabditis as model systems. We then review three exemplars of Caenorhabditis experimental evolution studies, underlining representative evolution experiments that have addressed the: (1) maintenance of genetic variation; (2) role of natural selection during transitions from outcrossing to selfing, as well as the maintenance of mixed breeding modes during evolution; and (3) evolution of phenotypic plasticity and its role in adaptation to variable environments, including host-pathogen coevolution. We conclude by suggesting some future directions for which experimental evolution with Caenorhabditis would be particularly informative.
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