Oncological impact of inflammatory biomarkers in elderly patients treated with radical cystectomy for urothelial bladder cancer

Objective: To evaluate the impact of preoperative markers of systemic inflammation on complications and oncological outcomes in patients aged >= 75 years treated with radical cystectomy (RC) for urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). Patients and methods: The clinical data of 694 patients treated with open RC for UBC at our institution between January 2008 and December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients aged <75 years, with distant metastases, other-than-urothelial histological type, comorbidities that could affect the systemic inflammatory markers, and patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. Multivariable regression models were built for the prediction of major postoperative surgical complications, disease recurrence, cancer-specific mortality (CSM), and overall mortality (OM). Results: The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age at surgery was 79 (75-83) years. Major postoperative surgical complications were registered in 41.9% of the patients. The 5-year overall survival, cancer-specific survival and recurrence-free survival rates were 42.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 34.7-49.9%), 70.3% (95% CI 62.3-76.9%), and 59.8% (95% CI 52.4-66.5), respectively. At multivariable analysis, higher levels of fibrinogen and a modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) of 1 and 2 at baseline were independently associated with higher risk of major postoperative complications and of CSM. The inclusion of mGPS and fibrinogen to a standard multivariable model for recurrence and for CSM increased discrimination from 69.4% to 73.0% and from 71.3% to 73.9%, respectively. Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio of >3 was independently associated with OM (hazard ratio 1.38, 95% CI 1.01-1.77;P= 0.01). Conclusions: In a cohort of elderly patients with UBC treated with RC, fibrinogen and mGPS appeared to be the most relevant prognostic measurements and increased the accuracy of clinicopathological preoperative models to predict major postoperative complications, disease recurrence and mortality.

Automated summary

The study evaluated the impact of preoperative markers of systemic inflammation on complications and oncological outcomes in patients aged 75 years and older treated with radical cystectomy for urothelial bladder cancer. Results showed that higher levels of fibrinogen and a modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) were independently associated with increased risk of major postoperative complications and cancer-specific mortality. A preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio of >3 was also independently associated with overall mortality.