Journal
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS
Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages 302-306Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/eem2.12125
Keywords
aqueous energy storage systems; electrolyte engineering; high voltage; high-energy density; water electrolysis
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51972257, 51872104and 51672205]
- National Key R&D Program of China [2016YFA0202602]
- Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province [2018CFB581]
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This review summarizes the key breakthroughs and progress in expanding the electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrochemical energy storage devices over the past five years. It focuses on four ground-breaking electrolyte engineering strategies and elucidates the universal fundamental mechanism relating to interactions between limited water molecules and high-concentration salts.
Aqueous electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices are highly safe, environmentally benign, and inexpensive, but their operating voltage and energy density must be increased if they are to efficiently power multifunctional electronics, new-energy cars as well as to be used in smart grids. This Minireview summarizes the key breakthroughs and progress in expanding the electrochemical stability window (ESW) of aqueous EES devices over the past five years. After briefly introducing the electrode engineering ways to widen ESW, we focus on four ground-breaking electrolyte engineering strategies and classify them into two kinds from the perspective of salts and exotic solutes/solvents. The widening degree toward ESW of these emerging electrolytes is compared and the universal fundamental mechanism relating to the interactions between limited water molecules and high-concentration salts (or large amounts of exotic solutes/solvents) is elucidated. Key challenges and perspectives for high-ESW electrolytes as well as recent advances in low-cost and other metal ion (sodium, potassium, zinc, etc.)-based electrolytes for expanding ESW are also outlined.
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