Progress in our understanding of plant responses to the stress of heavy metal cadmium

Heavy metal pollution is a major environmental stress affecting plant growth and development. The heavy metal cadmium inhibits various physiological processes in plants, including seed germination and seedling growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidation. Extensive research has been conducted on the toxic effects of Cd2+ on plants and the mechanisms of Cd(2+)tolerance. Here, we review recent advancements in our understanding of the absorption, transport, and accumulation of Cd2+ in plants and the mechanisms of Cd2+ tolerance.

Automated summary

Heavy metal pollution, especially cadmium, negatively affects plant growth and development by inhibiting processes such as seed germination, photosynthesis, and antioxidation. Extensive research has been conducted on the toxic effects of Cd2+ on plants and the mechanisms of Cd(2+) tolerance.