Journal
OBESITY REVIEWS
Volume 22, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13146
Keywords
meta‐ analysis; noncommunicable disease; NOVA; ultraprocessed food
Categories
Funding
- Princess Alexandra Research Foundation
- Cobram Estate Pty. Ltd
- La Trobe University
- Cancer Council Queensland
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Australia
- Alfred Deakin Postdoctoral Research Fellowship
- Global Age
- City of Greater Geelong
- Parkdale College
- Central West Gippsland Primary Care Partnership
- West Gippsland Healthcare Group
- Barwon Health
- Primary Health Networks
- Department of Health and Human Services
- Australian Disease Management Association
- Black Dog Institute
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
- Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists
- Nutrition Society of Australia
- Dietitians Association of Australia
- University of Southern Queensland
- Bond University
- Oxford University Press
- Australian Postgraduate Awards
- University of the Sunshine Coast
- Harry Windsor Foundation
- Avant
- Beyond Blue
- Medical Research Futures Fund
- Medical Benefits Fund
- Stanley Medical Research Foundation
- Cancer Council of Victoria
- Simons Autism Foundation
- Cooperative Research Centre
- Senior Principal Research Fellowship [1156072, 1059660]
- Metagenics
- Angelini Farmaceutica
- Network Nutrition
- Pfizer
- Servier
- Janssen Cilag
- Sanofi-Synthelabo
- Eli Lilly Australia
- Ian Potter Foundation
- Geelong Medical Research Foundation
- Australian Rotary Health
- Brain and Behaviour Research Institute
- Novartis
- Woolworths Limited
- Meat and Livestock Australia
- Sanofi
- Australian Research Council
- Wilson Foundation
- Heart Foundation Australia [101160]
- Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS)
- Falk Foundation
- Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists
- European Society of Neurogastroenterology
- International Human Microbiome Congress
- Epilepsy Society of Australia
- American Epilepsy Society
- University of Technology Sydney
- Sydney University
- Jack Brockhoff Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Australian Academy of Science
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
- Deakin University
- RMIT University
- University of Melbourne
- University of New South Wales
- Carlos III Health Institute [FI18/00073]
- Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship
- Deakin University Scholarship
- Be Fit Foods
- A2 Milk Company
- Fernwood Foundation
Ask authors/readers for more resources
This study found that consumption of ultraprocessed foods is associated with risks of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity, all-cause mortality, depression, and wheezing, as well as cardiometabolic diseases, frailty, and cancer in adults. Further research is needed to define the associations between ultraprocessed food consumption and health outcomes in children and adolescents.
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between consumption of ultraprocessed food and noncommunicable disease risk, morbidity and mortality. Forty-three observational studies were included (N = 891,723): 21 cross-sectional, 19 prospective, two case-control and one conducted both a prospective and cross-sectional analysis. Meta-analysis demonstrated consumption of ultraprocessed food was associated with increased risk of overweight (odds ratio: 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-1.51; P < 0.001), obesity (odds ratio: 1.51; 95% CI, 1.34-1.70; P < 0.001), abdominal obesity (odds ratio: 1.49; 95% CI, 1.34-1.66; P < 0.0001), all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 1.28; 95% CI, 1.11-1.48; P = 0.001), metabolic syndrome (odds ratio: 1.81; 95% CI, 1.12-2.93; P = 0.015) and depression in adults (hazard ratio: 1.22; 95% CI, 1.16-1.28, P < 0.001) as well as wheezing (odds ratio: 1.40; 95% CI, 1.27-1.55; P < 0.001) but not asthma in adolescents (odds ratio: 1.20; 95% CI, 0.99-1.46; P = 0.065). In addition, consumption of ultraprocessed food was associated with cardiometabolic diseases, frailty, irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia and cancer (breast and overall) in adults while also being associated with metabolic syndrome in adolescents and dyslipidaemia in children. Although links between ultraprocessed food consumption and some intermediate risk factors in adults were also highlighted, further studies are required to more clearly define associations in children and adolescents. Study registration Prospero ID: CRD42020176752.
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