Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
Volume 268, Issue 12, Pages 4630-4645Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10297-5
Keywords
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 23; Prodynorphin; Clinical symptoms; Pathophysiological mechanisms; Epigenetics; Spinocerebellar ataxias
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Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), formerly known as autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCAs), are a group of hereditary heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases characterized by symptoms such as gait, progressive ataxia, dysarthria, and eye movement disorder. Among the various subtypes, SCA23 is associated with a mutant prodynorphin gene and presents different clinical features.
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), formerly known as autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCAs), are a group of hereditary heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases. Gait, progressive ataxia, dysarthria, and eye movement disorder are common symptoms of spinocerebellar ataxias. Other symptoms include peripheral neuropathy, cognitive impairment, psychosis, and seizures. Patients may lose their lives due to out of coordinated respiration and/or swallowing. Neurological signs cover pyramidal or extrapyramidal signs, spasm, ophthalmoplegia, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, and so on. Different subtypes of SCAs present various clinical features. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 23 (SCA23), one subtype of the SCA family, is characterized by mutant prodynorphin (PDYN) gene. Based on literatures, this review details a series of SCA23, to improve a whole understanding of clinicians and point out the potential research direction of this dysfunction, including a history, pathophysiological mechanism, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, epigenetics, penetrance and prevalence, genetic counseling, treatment and prognosis.
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