A cost-effective LoRa-based customized device for agriculture field monitoring and precision farming on IoT platform

Low-power wide area networks (LPWAN) applications are emerging as a new paradigm, over Internet of Things (IoT) platform. LoRa (long range) is playing a key role in information exchange between motes. This paper illustrates a mathematical optimization technique of LoRa modulation, i.e., frequency shift chirp modulation. Mathematical optimization for low power and LoRa has been validated with customized hardware designed for agricultural application. The performance analysis with channel modulation is mentioned in the networks. LoRa link budget concerning various obstacles calculated and losses are noted during testing. In context to the agricultural application, customized motes have been deployed in an agricultural field for field monitoring. The mathematical model is validated using a hardware device. Further data collection and data analysis are mentioned. Code optimization techniques are implemented to improve the overall efficiency of the device. Localization of sensor nodes also discussed to cover all the area of coverage. A comparative analysis is a showcased between SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) and RSSI (received signal strength indicator).

Automated summary

This paper discusses the mathematical optimization technique of LoRa modulation and its application in agriculture, with performance analysis and experimental validation. Topics covered include LoRa link budget, node deployment, data collection and analysis, code optimization, and sensor node localization. The paper also includes a comparative analysis of SNR and RSSI.