The Effect of Particle Size Distribution and Liberation Degree on the Separation Performance of Industrial Spirals in Low-grade Chromite Processing

Spirals, the most common equipment for the separation of heavy minerals such as chromite, are greatly affected by size distribution and the liberation degree (hence the specific gravity and size) of the feed particles. In this study, the efficiency of spirals in separation of low-grade chromite particles has been investigated by studying the distribution of grade, size distribution and liberation degree of feed, concentrate, and tailings of spiral. For this purpose, mass balance constraints were applied to the spiral-containing chromite processing circuit. Afterwards, the grade variations and size distributions have been investigated. According to the results, when the feed to the spiral has a larger size distribution, the enrichment ratio of the feed is 1.32 and, with the smaller feed size, this value has increased to 1.99. When the spiral feed has a larger size distribution and higher specific gravity, the recovery of chromite increases with increasing particle size up to 250 microns, and then with increasing particle size, recovery decreases with a relatively steep slope. Evaluation of spiral efficiency with respect to particle liberation degree has also shown that despite the high degree of liberation of spiral feed in size fractions smaller than 75 microns (88.9%), the liberation degree of spiral concentrate and tail in this faction is equal to and less than that of feed, which can indicate poor spiral performance in these size fractions.

Automated summary

This study investigated the efficiency of spirals in separating low-grade chromite particles by examining factors such as grade distribution, size distribution, and liberation degree. The results showed that a larger size distribution in the feed increased the enrichment ratio, while smaller feed sizes led to higher recovery rates. However, recovery decreased with increasing particle size beyond 250 microns. Evaluation of spiral efficiency based on liberation degree revealed poor performance in certain size fractions despite high liberation in the feed.