14-3-3 α and 14-3-3 ξ contribute to immune responses in planarian Dugesia japonica

14-3-3 proteins are a family of highly conserved acidic proteins that regulate cellular processes. They act as a kind of important signaling molecules taking part in many crucial decisions throughout the development process. We have isolated and characterized two members of the 14-3-3 family, namely, Dj14-3-3 alpha and Dj14-3-3 xi in the planarian Dugesia japonica. The Dj14-3-3 alpha and xi genes encode polypeptides of 260 and 255 amino acids respectively. We have proved that the Dj14-3-3 alpha and xi genes were especially expressed in the pharynx in adult and regenerating planarians by in situ hybridization and they were not involved in regeneration process. Besides, Dj14-3-3 alpha and xi genes can compensate each other in planarians by RNA interference. The Dj14-3-3 alpha and xi were significantly up-regulated expression when planarians were stimulated with the pathogen-associated molecular patterns including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN), beta-Glu and Poly (I:C), indicating that the Dj14-3-3 alpha and xi may be involved in the immune responses. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.