Journal
ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS
Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000113
Keywords
active targeting; drug delivery; macrophage targeting; nanotechnology; tuberculosis
Categories
Funding
- European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant [842652]
- Spanish MICINN projects [BIO2017-84246-C2-1-R, SAF2017-84839-C2-1-R, CTQ2015-66869-P]
- Gobierno de Aragon (Diputacion General de Aragon-Fondo Social Europeo)
- MICINN [RYC-2013-12570]
- Ministerio de Educacion Cultura y Deporte (Spain)
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The emergence and rapid spread of drug resistant strains of tuberculosis pose a serious threat to public health, increasing the demand for more effective therapies. Nanotechnology has emerged as a tool to improve current treatments by using antimicrobial-loaded nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages. This strategy aims to increase local drug concentration and enhance treatment efficacy in order to overcome the challenges in TB treatment.
The appearance and rapid spread of drug resistant strains of tuberculosis (TB), one of the deadliest infectious diseases, pose a serious threat to public health and increase the need for shorter, less toxic, and more effective therapies. Developing new drugs is difficult and often associated with side effects, so nanotechnology has emerged as a tool to improve current treatments and to rescue drugs having elevated toxicity or poor solubility. Due to their size and surface chemistry, antimicrobial-loaded nanocarriers are avidly taken up by macrophages, the main cells hostingMycobacterium tuberculosis. Macrophages are continuously recruited to infected areas, they can transport drugs with them, making passive targeting a good strategy for TB treatment. Active targeting (decorating surface of nanocarriers with ligands specific to receptors displayed by macrophages) further increases local drug concentration, and thus treatment efficacy. Although in in vivo studies, nanocarriers are often administered intravenously in order to avoid inaccurate dosage in animals, translation to humans requires more convenient routes like pulmonary or oral administration. This report highlights the importance and progress of pulmonary administration, passive and active targeting strategies toward bacteria reservoirs to overcome the challenges in TB treatment.
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