Journal
CANCER
Volume 127, Issue 5, Pages 757-768Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33310
Keywords
breast cancer; distress; health disparities; modifiable risk factors; patient‐ reported outcomes; race; ethnicity
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [1K08CA241390]
- Duke Cancer Institute through NIH [P30CA014236]
- Sara and Bruce Brandaleone
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This study examined the association between patient-reported stressors and racial/ethnic disparities in time to care among breast cancer patients. The results showed that patient-reported stressors predicted delays in time to care, but levels of distress did not, with Black patients experiencing delayed time to care despite reporting low levels of distress.
Background We examined whether the National Comprehensive Cancer Network distress thermometer (DT), a patient-reported outcome measure, could be used to identify levels and causes of distress associated with racial/ethnic disparities in time to care among patients with breast cancer. Methods We identified women aged >= 18 years with stage 0-IV breast cancer who were diagnosed in a single health system between January 2014 and July 2016. The baseline visit was defined as the first postdiagnosis, pretreatment clinical evaluation. Zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression (modeling non-zero DT scores and DT scores = 0) and logistic regression (modeling DT score >= 4, threshold for social services referral) were used to examine associations between baseline score (0 = none to 10 = extreme) and types of stressors (emotional, familial, practical, physical, spiritual) after adjustment for race/ethnicity and other characteristics. Linear regression with log transformation was used to identify predictors of time to evaluation and time to treatment. Results A total of 1029 women were included (median baseline DT score = 4). Emotional, physical, and practical stressors were associated with distress in both the ZINB and logistic models (all P < .05). Black patients (n = 258) were more likely to report no distress than Whites (n = 675; ZINB zero model odds ratio, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.68-4.40; P < .001) despite reporting a similar number of stressors (P = .07). Higher DT scores were associated with shorter time to evaluation and time to treatment while being Black and having physical or practical stressors were associated with delays in both (all P < .05). Conclusions Patient-reported stressors predicted delays in time to care, but patient-reported levels of distress did not, with Black patients having delayed time to care despite reporting low levels of distress. We describe anticipatory, culturally responsive strategies for using patient-reported outcomes to address observed disparities.
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